The Mongol empire was the most extensive in history. The Mongols were a nomadic tribe from the north. The Sui Dynasty brought the reunification of the south and the north, The Grand Canal was constructed and extended the Great Wall of China. In 311 AD and 316 AD, the nomads of the north conquered Northern China, and the Jin Dynasty governed the south until 420 AD. They successfully reunified China after the period of the three kingdoms. They also promoted the interchange of merchants through the silk route. Education and writing, on the recently developed rice paper, were both encouraged. Agriculture, industry, and trade flourished. They carried out an intense unification of norms: weights and measurements as well as the system of writing were all unified. A strong, unified, and centralized Chinese state emerged. This was the first dynasty of reunified China, which was much larger than when it was under the Zhou Dynasty. The title of king was changed to Emperor. This was the era of great thinkers and philosophers like Confucius and Lao Tzu. The use of money was strengthened while bartering decreased in use. They used more than 3000 symbols that were transformed into the characters used in the Chinese language. They worshiped their ancestors, practicing human sacrifice and live burial of slaves with their masters. In this period, they developed horse-driven war chariots. They made delicate carvings into jade, works with bronze and woven silk. In addition to the aristocrats and plebeians, they added the slave class. They had a class system with aristocrats and plebeians. The kings of this dynasty practiced the art of prophecy. It divided the year into 12 months and determined the agricultural and political activities for each month. In this period, the first Chinese calendar was produced. The First Chinese Dynasty, Xia, was a slavery-based society that allowed private property. The existence of written documents from long ago has allowed the development in China of precise historiographical tradition that offers a continuous narration from the first dynasties to the contemporary age. Timeline of Ancient Civilziations in the AmericasĬhina – Ancient Chinese Civilization Ancient Era Ancient China.Timeline of Ancient Civilizations in Europe.Ancient Civilizations in the Middle East.Timeline of Ancient Civilizations in Africa.
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